Learning
outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1.
Describe the basic physiological principles and
techniques related to processes of adaptation, homeostasis and feedback control
systems.
2.
Describe the relationship of structure to function
focusing cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems and their
regulation with reference to nervous system.
3.
Describe the pathophysiology of selected disorders of
cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems.
Theory:
Homeostasis and Feed Back Control: Cell and cell membrane transport system,
Neuron, Action potential, Synapse and synaptic transmission, Neurotransmitters,
Neurophysiology of skeletal and smooth muscles, Excitation-contraction coupling
mechanism, Nervous system: Central and peripheral nervous systems, Upper and
lower motor neurons, Physiology of Reflex Arc, Autonomic nervous system;
Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, Types of receptors and their
properties, Anatomical divisions of brain and functions of each part. Cardiovascular System: Blood
composition, blood cells genesis and differentiation, Structure and synthesis
of hemoglobin, its types and iron metabolism, Functions of Neutrophils,
Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocyte- Macrophage system and their role against
infection, Reticulo-endothelial system, Resistance of body to infection,
Lymphocytes and immunity (Humoral and cell mediated immunity), Blood groups,
Blood transfusion and its complications, Mechanism of blood coagulation,
Fibrinolytic system, Clinical correlations (Anemia, polycythemia, allergy and
hypersensitivity, jaundice, hemophilia). Circulatory
Physiology: Circulation and its characteristics, Biophysics of
hemodynamics, Circulation: General; systemic and regional circulation;
Coronary, skeletal muscle, splenic, Fetal and Pulmonary Circulation,
Microcirculation and fluid exchange. Blood Pressure, neural and hormonal
control of blood pressure and blood volume, Local control of blood pressure and
flow. Physiology of Lymphatic system
channel of body, formation of lymph; Role of lymphatic system in controlling
interstitial fluid protein, volume and pressure. Cardiac cell properties and
energy requirements, physiological basis of cardiac cycle; Relationship to
heart sounds to heart pumping, Regulation of cardiac activity. Rhythmical
excitation of heart; electrophysiology of heart; Characteristics of normal
electrocardiogram. Clinical correlations (edema formation, circulatory shock,
electrocardiographic interpretation of cardiac muscle and coronary blood flow
abnormalities). Respiratory system:
Functional anatomy of respiratory system, Mechanism of Pulmonary ventilation,
Pulmonary volume and capacities, Physical principles of gas exchange,
Respiratory membrane and diffusion of different gases through it, Fetal gas
exchange, Factors affecting rate of gas diffusion, Role of surfactants, Pleural
cavity, Regulation of transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in blood, lungs
and tissues, Neural and hormonal control of respiration. Clinical correlations
(pulmonary edema, emphysema and hypertension, CO poisoning, hypoxia)
Practical:
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