Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1.
Describe basic terminologies related to endocrinology,
digestive physiology, lactation and renal physiology.
2.
Describe relationship of structure to function addressing
digestive, renal, lactation and endocrine systems.
3.
Describe pathophysiology of selected disorders of
digestive, renal, lactation and endocrine systems.
Theory:
Endocrine
Physiology: An overview of
endocrine system, integration of endocrine and nervous system, Classification
and transport of hormones, Hormone-cell interaction and feedback mechanisms,
Pituitary Gland, its structure, secretions and function, Thyroid gland, its physiological
anatomy, synthesis, release, functions of thyroxin and triiodothyronin,
Endocrine pancreas; role of insulin and glucagon in regulation of glucose
metabolism, Parathyroid gland: Physiological anatomy; synthesis, release,
functions and abnormalities of parathormone and calcitonin. Digestive Physiology: Introduction to
gastrointestinal physiology, Feeding behavior, prehension and mastication,
enteric nervous system, Physiological mechanism of deglutition, Saliva
secretion, composition and regulation, Eructation mechanism, emesis and its
control, Ruminant stomach, anatomy and physiology, concept of functional
ruminal epithelium, Esophageal groove and concepts of nutrient-by-pass,
Microbial ecosystem of digestion in ruminants, Fermentation of carbohydrates,
proteins and fats in rumen, Production and absorption of volatile fatty acids,
nitrogen in ruminants, Physiologic anatomy of simple stomach, gastric motility,
factors affecting gastric motility, Gastric secretion, composition, regulation,
factors influencing the gastric secretion, Digestion and absorption of
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, Absorption of vitamins end electrolytes, Role of
Pancreas and liver indigestion. Clinical cases like ulcer, ruminal acidosis,
urea toxicity, diarrhea; Protected nutrients and enzymes, selected antibiotics
in feed, probiotic and prebiotics. Lactation
Physiology: Functional anatomy of mammary glands, Physiology of
mammogenesis, lactogenesis and galactopoesis, Milk synthesis and secretion,
Biological functions of milk, its nutritive value, Lactation performance,
physiological factors affecting lactation, Mammary biotechnology. Renal Physiology: Anatomy and
physiology of Nephron, Urine formation,
Glomerular filtration, Physiological control and auto-regulation of Glomerular Filtration
Rate, Tubular Reabsorption and processing of Glomerular Filtrate, Mechanism of
tubular re-absorption and regulation, Regulation of extra-cellular fluid
osmolarity, balance of Sodium and Potassium by Kidney, Renal absorption of
bivalent ion. Renal blood flow, renal clearance, filtration fraction, regulation
of urine volume and concentration, Act of micturition and its regulation, Introduction to acid–base Physiology, Renal
mechanisms for maintaining hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids;
Regulation of acid–base balance, Clinical correlations (acidosis, alkalosis).
Clinical cases related to Endocrine, Digestive, Lactation and Renal Physiology.
Practical:
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